Crowdsourcing

ion emergent properties of microlevel interactions, 22–23 micro and macro levels of, 22 Aesthetic tyranny, 96 Affective motives, 63 Alkali Prize, 9–10 Amabile, Teresa, and Eric von Hippel, 74–75 Amateurism, discourse on, 91–92. See also Professionalism amateur crowd myth, 69–73 amateur label, 86–88 amateur vs. professional dichotomy, 72–73, 87, 90, 91 Amazon Mechanical Turk, xx–xxi, 36, 39, 45t, 62, 87 “Requesters” and “Turkers,” 36 Arts funding, 38–40. See also Crowdfunding Aspirer type (crowd participant), 43 Assignment Zero, 27–28 Asynchronous time, 12–13 Avatars, 13 Benkler, Yochai, 7 Big data, 108 Blogging, 64–65 Bluestein, Frayda, 79 Bongard, Josh C., and colleagues, 31, 108 Bottom-up creative process, xv, xvi, 38 Brabham, Daren C., 67–68 Branding brand engagement, 8 branding success, 111–112 Broadcast search approaches, 44, 45t, 48–49, 103–104 Brzozowski, Michael J., and colleagues, 65 Business-related research on crowdsourcing, 55 Capitalism commodity culture, 90–91 global capitalism, 88, 90 Carey, James W., 12 Carr, Nicholas, typology of crowds, 42 Censorship, 75 Chesbrough, Henry, 20 Citizen science projects, 28–29, 44, 117 Citizens’ protests, 75 Civil dialog, 81 Coates’ Canons blog, 79 Code-based regulations, 80, 80–81 Collaborative problem solving. See Problem solving Collective intelligence, xv, xix, xxii, 11, 16–17, 20, 22–23, 104, 111, 117 Commodity culture, 90–91 Commons commons-based peer production, 7–8 sometimes conflated with commerce, 91